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1. Surface landmarks and dermatomes
Introduction
Thorax - Surface landmarks and dermatomes
Auscultation of the lungs
Cardiac auscultation
Clinical importance of the sternal angle
Herpes zoster
Palpation of the chest
MCQ's
2. Thoracic cage
Introduction
Thoracic cage
Access to pericardial cavity
Access to pleural cavity
Access to the heart for open heart surgery
Counting of the ribs
Diaphragmatic hernias
Injuries to the thoracic cage - rib fractures and tear of visceral organs
Kyphosis, scoliolis, and kyphoscoliosis
Respiratory movements of the thoracic cage
Sternum – bone marrow aspiration
MCQ's
3. Female breast
Introduction
Female breast
CA breast peau D orange
Congenital anomalies
Gynaecomastia
Infections of the breast
Inverted nipple
Lymphatics of the breast
Male breast
Mammogram
Normal breast, breast during pregnancy, lactating breast
Reconstructive surgery of the breast implants
Surface anatomy and palpation of breast - importance of periodic self examination for detection of breast lumps
Surgical incisions of the breast
MCQ's
4. General disposition of the viscera within the thoracic cage
Introduction
General disposition of the viscera within the thoracic cage
MCQ's
5. Superior mediastinum - Boundaries and contents
Introduction
Superior Mediastinum
Anomalies of SVC
Aortic knuckle
Coarctation of aorta and other aortic anomalies
Imaging of the superior mediastinum
Mediastinal masses – retrosternal goitre, mediastinal syndrome
Patent ductus arteriorus
Surgical approach to the superior mediastinum
Thymus pathologies
MCQ's
6. Posterior mediastinum - Boundaries and contents
Introduction
Mediastinitis
Posterior Media stinum - Right lateral view with lung removed on right side
Aortic pathologies (dissecting aneurysms
Constrictions of the esophagus
Esophageal carcinoma
Imaging of posterior mediastinum - normal plain X-ray, CT, MRI
Mediastinitis
Surgical approach to the posterior mediastinum
Thoracic duct lacerations - chylo thorax
MCQ's